Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of d-Glucuronamide-Based Nucleosides and (Triazolyl)methyl Amide-Linked Pseudodisaccharide Nucleosides.

The synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel d-glucopyranuronamide-containing nucleosides is described. Based on our previously reported anticancer d-glucuronamide-based nucleosides, new analogues comprising N/O-dodecyl or N-propargyl substituents at the glucuronamide unit and anomerically-N-linked 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine, 6-chloropurine or 4-(6-chloropurinyl)methyl triazole motifs were synthesized in 4-6 steps starting from acetonide-protected glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone. The methodologies were based on the access to N-substituted glycopyranuronamide precursors, namely 1,2-O-acetyl derivatives or glucuronoamidyl azides for further nucleobase N-glycosylation or 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with N9 - and N7 -propargyl-6-chloropurines, respectively. N-Propargyl glucuronamide-based N9 -purine nucleosides were converted into (triazolyl)methyl amide-6,6-linked pseudodisaccharide nucleosides via cycloaddition with methyl 6-azido-glucopyranoside. A CuI/Amberlyst A-21 catalytic system employed in the cycloaddition reactions also effected conversion into 6-dimethylaminopurine nucleosides. Antiproliferative evaluation in chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells revealed significant effects exhibited by the synthesized monododecylated purine-containing nucleosides. A N-propargyl 3-O-dodecyl glucuronamide derivative comprising a N9 -ß-linked 6-chloropurine moiety was the most active compound against MCF-7 cells (GI50 =11.9 µM) while a related α-(purinyl)methyltriazole nucleoside comprising a N7 -linked 6-chloropurine moiety exhibited the highest activity against K562 cells (GI50 =8.0 µM). Flow cytometry and immunoblotting analysis of apoptosis-related proteins in K562 cells treated with the N-propargyl 3-O-dodecyl glucuronamide-based N9 -linked 6-chloropurine nucleoside indicated that it acts via apoptosis induction.

Building partnerships in education through a story-tool based intervention: Parental involvement experiences among families with Roma backgrounds.

Introduction: School educators are likely to explain the poor educational trajectories of students with Roma backgrounds related to the lack of parental support and interest in children's education. Aiming to understand further the patterns of Roma group's parental involvement in children's school life and their engagement experiences in school-related activities, the current research set an intervention supported by a culturally sensitive story-tool. Method: Grounded in the intervention-based research framework, 12 participants (i.e., mothers) from different Portuguese Roma groups participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews conducted pre-and postintervention. Eight weekly sessions were delivered in the school context, using a story-tool and hands- on activities to generate culturally significant meanings regarding attitudes, beliefs, and values toward children's educational trajectories. Results: Through the lens of acculturation theory, data analysis provided important findings under two overarching topics: patterns of parental involvement in children's school life and participants' engagement in the intervention program. Discussion: Data show the distinct ways Roma parents participate in children's education and the relevance of mainstream contexts providing an atmosphere likely to build collaborative relationships with parents to overcome barriers to parental involvement.

Changes in Student's Breakfast and Snack Consumption during the Second COVID-19 Lockdown in Portugal: A Five-Wave Study.

The circumstances of the COVID-19 lockdown affected many students' life spheres, including their feeding patterns and snack intake. The main goals of the present study were to: (a) analyze the changes in students' breakfast and snacking consumption during lockdown, and (b) analyze changes in the content of the students' snacks using the Healthy Eating Index. This study analyzed data from a sample of 726 students from 36 classes from the late elementary (i.e., fifth grade) through high school (i.e., twelfth grade) from two public schools in the north of Portugal. Data were collected in five moments during the 2020/2021 school year, pre-, during, and post-second lockdown moments. Throughout the five moments, almost 90% of the students ate breakfast, and the majority brought snacks from home to eat in school. Surprisingly, there was an increase in the quality of the snacks consumed during lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown moments (e.g., consumption of more whole and total fruits and less consumption of food with added sugar, saturated fats, refined grains, and fatty acids). Suggestions for healthy behavior promotion will be discussed, such as improving the school food environment and teaching children to prepare healthy lunch boxes.

Reading in COVID-19 Pandemic Times: A Snapshot of Reading Fluency of Portuguese Elementary School Students.

The development of reading skills foresees fluency in reading. Prior research has shown that during periods of absence from school, students are prone to showing setbacks in their learning. However, the literature presents mixed findings, possibly explained by the families' socioeconomic statuses. The present study aims to analyze fluctuations in learning acquisition, specifically in reading fluency, during the pandemic, when all students were absent from school for several months. Data were collected in two waves. The present study combines quantitative and qualitative data with an explanatory sequential approach. Participants were 52 3rd-graders and their teachers. The latter were enrolled in two-member check sessions. Statistically significant differences in speed (lower than expected) and prosody (higher than expected) were found between the two sessions. Considering ASE support (financial support for low-income families from the Portuguese government), data indicate that students benefiting from this support showed performances in accuracy and speed below the expected. Prosody scores were above the expected at both sessions. Findings may provide relevant insights to further understand fluctuations in students' reading fluency during long periods of absence from school; for example, data could help prevent learning setbacks due to summer vacations.

Short and Long-Term Effects on Academic Performance of a School-Based Training in Self-Regulation Learning: A Three-Level Experimental Study.

An experimental study was designed to analyze the effect of school-based training in self-regulation learning strategies on academic performance (Mathematics, Sciences, Language, and English). Class-level variables (i.e., gender, the teacher's teaching experience, class size) were considered and the effects of the intervention were measured at the end of the intervention and 3 months later. A sample of 761 students from 3rd and 4th grades (356 in the control condition and 405 in the experimental condition), from 14 schools, participated in the study. Data were analyzed using three-level analysis with within-student measurements at level 1, between-students within-classes at level 2, and between-classes at level 3. Data showed a positive effect of the intervention on student performance, both at post-test (d = 0.25) and at follow-up (d = 0.33) considering the four school subjects together. However, the effect was significant just at follow-up when subjects were considered separately. Student performance was significantly related to the students' variables (i.e., gender, level of reading comprehension) and the context (teacher gender and class size). Finally, students' gender and level of reading comprehension, as well as the teacher's gender, were found to moderate the effect of the intervention on students' academic performance. Two conclusions were highlighted: first, data emphasize the importance of considering time while conducting intervention studies. Second, more teaching experience does not necessarily translate into improvements in the quality of students' instruction.

Designing new antitubercular isoniazid derivatives with improved reactivity and membrane trafficking abilities.

Isoniazid (INH) is one of the two most effective first-line antitubercular drugs and is still used at the present time as a scaffold for developing new compounds to fight TB. In a previous study, we have observed that an INH derivative, an hydrazide N'-substituted with a C10acyl chain, was able to counterbalance its smaller reactivity with a higher membrane permeability. This resulted in an improved performance against the most prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistant strain (S315T), compared to INH. In this work, we have designed two new series of INH derivatives (alkyl hydrazides and hydrazones) with promising in silico properties, namely membrane permeabilities and spontaneous IN* radical formation. The kinetics, cytotoxicity, and biological activity evaluations confirmed the in silico predictions regarding the very high reactivity of the alkyl hydrazides. The hydrazones, on the other hand, showed very similar behavior compared to INH, particularly in biological tests that take longer to complete, indicating that these compounds are being hydrolyzed back to INH. Despite their improved membrane permeabilities, the reactivities of these two series are too high, impairing their overall performance. Nevertheless, the systematic data gathered about these compounds have showed us the need to find a balance between lipophilicity and reactivity, which is paramount to devise better INH-based derivatives aimed at circumventing Mtb resistance.

Covid-19 Pandemic: reflecting vulnerabilities in the light of gender, race and class. / Pandemia da Covid 19: refletindo as vulnerabilidades a luz do gênero, raça e classe.

This study aims to reflect the impact of COVID 19, considering gender, race, and class markers. This is an exploratory study, with an emphasis on the analysis of selected publications, based on a systematized search on official websites, and on the PubCovid-19 platform that includes papers published on COVID-19, which are indexed in PubMed and EMBASE. This work was based on these documents and built with reflections from the authors from the perspectives of social markers related to gender, race, and class, which contribute to the prognosis of the disease. The reflection carried out from the analyzed literature revealed that the markers of gender, class, and race emerge as a vulnerable condition to the exposure of COVID-19 in the most diverse world scenarios. This context reveals the historical need to implement strategies to improve the lives of this population, not only during the pandemic but also after their passing. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt socioeconomic policies with a more significant impact on the lives of these people and with greater coverage, expanding access to better health, education, housing, and income.

Cotidiano de pessoas adultas com deficiência motora numa Unidade de Saúde da Família / Daily life of elderly people with motor deficiency in a Family Health Unit / Cotidiano de personas adultas con deficiência motora en una Unidad de Salud de la Familia

Objetivo: o presente estudo objetivou compreender o cotidiano de pessoas com deficiência motora de uma Unidade de Saúde numa cidade do interior da Bahia. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológico, de caráter descritivo, exploratório. Participaram desse estudo 29 pessoas com deficiência motora. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, após autorização do Comitê de ética parecer nº 633.531/2014. Os dados empíricos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias: o sofrimento no processo do viver com deficiência motora; a aceitação do viver com deficiência e o preconceito no conviver com as diferenças no processo relacional. Conclusões: esse estudo revelou que o cotidiano da pessoa diante de suas relações sociais é fundamental para a reconstrução do significado do viver com a deficiência motora.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the daily routine of people with motor deficiency in a Health Unit in a city in the interior of Bahia. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach. 29 people with motor deficiencyparticipated in this study. The data collection was done through a semistructured interview, after being authorized by the Ethics Committee by resolution No. 633.531 / 2014. The empirical data were subjected to content analysis. Results: The following categories emerged: Suffering in the process of living with motordeficiency; the acceptance of living with deficiency and prejudice when living with differences in the relational process. Conclusions: This study revealed that the daily life of the person in front of their social relations is fundamental for the reconstruction of the meaning of living with motor deficiency.

Objetivo: El presente estudio buscó comprender el cotidiano de personas con deficiência motora de una Unidad de Salud en una ciudad del interior de Bahía. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con un abordaje cualitativo. Participaron en este estudio 29 personas con deficiência motora. La colecta de datos fue realizada a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, después de ser autorizada por el Comité de Ética mediante el parecer nº633.531/2014. Los datos empíricos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías: El sufrimiento en el proceso de vivir con deficiência motora; la aceptación de vivir con deficiência y el prejuicio al convivir con las diferencias en el proceso relacional. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló que el cotidiano de la persona frente a sus relaciones sociales es fundamental para la reconstrucción del significado de vivir con deficiência motora.

Pandemia da Covid 19: refletindo as vulnerabilidades a luz do gênero, raça e classe / Covid-19 Pandemic: reflecting vulnerabilities in the light of gender, race and class

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é refletir os impactos da COVID 19, considerando marcadores de gênero, raça e classe. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com ênfase na análise de publicações selecionados, a partir de procura sistematizada em sites oficiais, bem como na plataforma PubCovid-19 que apresenta os artigos publicados sobre COVID-19, os quais estão indexados nas Pubmed e EMBASE. O trabalho foi pautado nos referidos documentos e construído com reflexões dos autores a partir das perspectivas dos marcadores sociais relacionados à gênero, raça e classe, os quais contribuem para o prognóstico da doença. A reflexão realizada com base na literatura analisada revelou que os marcadores de gênero, classe e raça se apresentam enquanto condição vulnerabilizadora à exposição da COVID-19 nos mais diversos cenários mundiais. Esse contexto descortina a necessidade histórica da implantação de estratégias de melhoria de vida dessa população não só durante a pandemia, como também após sua passagem. Para tanto, necessário se faz a adoção de políticas socioeconômicas de maior impacto na vida dessas pessoas e com maior abrangência, ampliando o acesso a melhores condições de saúde, educação, moradia e renda.

Abstract This study aims to reflect the impact of COVID 19, considering gender, race, and class markers. This is an exploratory study, with an emphasis on the analysis of selected publications, based on a systematized search on official websites, and on the PubCovid-19 platform that includes papers published on COVID-19, which are indexed in PubMed and EMBASE. This work was based on these documents and built with reflections from the authors from the perspectives of social markers related to gender, race, and class, which contribute to the prognosis of the disease. The reflection carried out from the analyzed literature revealed that the markers of gender, class, and race emerge as a vulnerable condition to the exposure of COVID-19 in the most diverse world scenarios. This context reveals the historical need to implement strategies to improve the lives of this population, not only during the pandemic but also after their passing. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt socioeconomic policies with a more significant impact on the lives of these people and with greater coverage, expanding access to better health, education, housing, and income.

Promoting School Engagement in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Narrative Based Program.

This study assessed the efficacy of an educational program focused on the promotion of school engagement in children with Cerebral Palsy. A 9 weeks, narrative-based intervention program, with a pre-post neuropsychological and self-report evaluation, was developed with a dual focus: a self-regulation theoretical model and executive function stimulation. Fifteen children with Cerebral Palsy participated in the study. Results showed a significant main effect of time (F(2.82) = 6.04, p = 0.0066, partial η2 = 0.30; F(2.82) = 9.91, p = 0.0006, partial η2 = 0.41; F(2.82) = 26.90, p < 0.0001, partial η2 = 0.66) in the three dimensions of school engagement. Findings indicate that the program to train self-regulated competences and executive function skills was efficacious in promoting school engagement in children with Cerebral Palsy. Educational implications were discussed.

"Homework Should Be but We Do Not Live in an Ideal World": Mathematics Teachers' Perspectives on Quality Homework and on Homework Assigned in Elementary and Middle Schools.

Existing literature has analyzed homework characteristics associated with academic results. Researchers and educators defend the need to provide quality homework, but there is still much to be learned about the characteristics of quality homework (e.g., purposes, type). Acknowledging that teachers play an important role in designing and assigning homework, this study explored teachers' perspectives regarding: (i) the characteristics of quality homework and (ii) the characteristics of the homework tasks assigned. In the current study, mathematics teachers from elementary and middle schools (N = 78) participated in focus group discussions. To enhance the trustworthiness of the findings, homework tasks assigned by 25% of the participants were analyzed for triangulation of data purposes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for elementary and middle school separately. Teachers discussed the various characteristics of quality homework (e.g., short assignments, adjusted to the availability of students) and shared the characteristics of the homework tasks typically assigned, highlighting a few differences (e.g., degree of individualization of homework, purposes) between these two topics. Globally, data on the homework tasks assigned were consistent with teachers' reports about the characteristics of the homework tasks they usually assigned. Findings provide valuable insights for research and practice aimed to promote the quality of homework and consequently students' learning and progress.

"Homework Feedback Is ": Elementary and Middle School Teachers' Conceptions of Homework Feedback.

This study explored mathematics teachers' conceptions of the homework feedback focusing on four key aspects: definition, purpose, types, and perceived impact. Forty-seven teachers from elementary and middle schools participated in six focus groups. Data were analyzed using content analysis. To enhance the trustworthiness of findings, classroom observations were used for triangulation of data. Participants conceptualized homework feedback in three directions (i.e., teachers' feedback provided to students, students' feedback provided to teachers, and homework self-feedback), being teachers' monitoring of students' learning the purpose reported by most teachers. Participants also reported the types of homework feedback more frequently used in class (e.g., checking homework completion, checking homework on the board), and their perceived impact on students. Findings provide valuable information to deepen the understanding of the homework feedback process, which may help develop new avenues for future research.

Sexual satisfaction in patients with cancer / Satisfacción sexual en enfermos de cáncer / Satisfação sexual em pacientes com câncer

Abstract This study aimed to compare the dimensions of sexual satisfaction in subjects with and without cancer. Independent variables were: different types of cancer, time elapsed since diagnosis, types of treatment and changes in body image. The dependent variable was level of satisfaction with sexual relations. The sample consisted of 184 participants, of whom 95 belonged to the cancer group (ages between 26 and 84 years) and 89 to the non-cancer group (ages between 19 and 67 years). The instrument used was the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (QSRS, for its Portuguese acronym). The results showed significant differences between the cancer group and the non-cancer group. Individuals with a history of cancer disease had lower values (17.93 ± 9.67) at the level of sexual function compared to individuals with no history of the disease (30.19 ± 4.2). Individuals with cancer who had higher values of self-esteem were those with urological cancer (16.76 ± 2.85), followed by breast cancer (14.83 ± 3.34) and "other cancers" (14.41 ± 5.5), whereas those with digestive cancer presented the lowest values (5.68 ± 13.63). In sexual functioning, the group of "other cancers" showed the highest levels of satisfaction (23.53 ± 10.12), while people with breast cancer (19.54 ± 9.36), digestive cancer (18.50 ± 12.57), and urological cancer (29.12 ± 7.22) presented the lowest levels of satisfaction. Within the group of people with cancer, those who had less than one year and between three to five years of having been diagnosed reflected less satisfactory sexual performance values. On the other hand, radiation treatments, surgery and "other treatments" showed negative effects on sexual functioning, as well as changes in body image. All independent variables had a negative impact on sexual satisfaction and performance, with the exception of weight loss, vomiting, and hair loss.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las dimensiones de satisfacción sexual en sujetos con y sin cáncer, específicamente al comparar los diferentes tipos de cáncer, el tiempo de diagnóstico y los tipos de tratamiento, con cambios en la imagen corporal y el nivel de satisfacción con las relaciones sexuales. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 184 participantes, de los cuales 95 pertenecieron al grupo con cáncer (edades entre los 26 y 84 años) y 89 al grupo sin cáncer (edades entre los 19 y 67 años). El instrumento utilizado fue el Questionário de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Sexual (QSRS). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo con cáncer y el grupo sin cáncer, los individuos con antecedentes de enfermedad de cáncer presentaron valores más bajos (17.93 ± 9.67) en el nivel de la función sexual en comparación con los individuos sin antecedentes de dicha enfermedad (30.19 ± 4.2). Los individuos con cáncer que presentaron valores más altos en autoestima fueron los de cáncer urológico (16.76 ± 2.85), seguidos por los de cáncer de mama (14.83 ± 3.34) y "otros tipos de cáncer" (14.41 ± 5.5); siendo los de cáncer digestivo quienes presentaron los valores más bajos (5.68 ± 13.63). En el funcionamiento sexual, el grupo de "otros tipos de cáncer" mostró niveles más altos de satisfacción (23.53 ± 10.12), mientras que las personas con cáncer de mama (19.54 ± 9.36), cáncer digestivo (18.50 ± 12.57) y cáncer urológico (29.12 ± 7.22) presentaron los niveles más bajos de satisfacción. Dentro del grupo de personas con cáncer, los que tienen menos de un año y de tres a cinco años después de haber tenido el diagnóstico reflejaron valores de funcionamiento sexual menos satisfactorios. Por otro lado, los tratamientos de radiación, cirugía y "otros tratamientos" mostraron efectos negativos en el funcionamiento sexual, así como cambios en la imagen corporal. Todas las variables independientes tuvieron un impacto negativo en la satisfacción y el desempeño sexual, con excepción de la pérdida de peso, el vómito y la pérdida de cabello. Palabras clave: Cáncer, sexualidad, funcionamiento sexual, enfermedad maligna.

Resumo O objetivo foi comparar indivíduos em função das seguintes variáveis independentes: cancro e sem cancro, diferentes tipos de cancro, tempo de diagnóstico, diferentes tipos de tratamento e mudanças na imagem corporal tendo por variável dependente o nível da satisfação da relação sexual. A amostra foi constituída por 184 participantes (95 com cancro com idades entre 26 e 84 anos; 89 sem cancro, com idades entre 19 e 67 anos). Foi utilizado o Questionário de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Sexual (QSRS). Verificaram-se efeitos significativos entre os indivíduos com historial de doença oncológica ao nível do funcionamento sexual, comparativamente com os indivíduos sem historial de doença oncológica. Indivíduos com cancro urológico apresentam valores mais elevados ao nível da autoestima (16.76 ± 2.85), seguidos pelo cancro de mama (14.83 ± 3.34) e outros tipos de cancro (14.41 ± 5.05). O cancro digestivo é o que apresenta os valores mais baixos (13.63 ± 5.68). Com relação ao funcionamento sexual, o grupo "outros tipos de cancro" apresenta maiores níveis de satisfação (23.53 ± 10.12). Seguem-se o cancro de mama (19.54 ± 9.36) e os digestivos (18.50 ± 12.57) e, por último, o cancro urológico, que apresenta os níveis mais baixos (12.29 ± 7.22). Dentro do grupo de indivíduos com cancro, o período inferior a um ano e de três a cinco anos apresenta valores menos satisfatórios na dimensão funcionamento sexual, e os tratamentos de radioterapia, cirurgia e "outros tipos de tratamento" produzem efeitos negativos ao nível do funcionamento sexual, assim como as mudanças na imagem corporal. No presente estudo, com a exceção de perda de peso, vómitos e perda de cabelos, todas as variáveis independentes têm um impacto negativo na satisfação/desempenho sexual.

"My Child has Cerebral Palsy": Parental Involvement and Children's School Engagement.

Engaged students tend to show school-committed behaviors (e.g., attend classes, get involved with the learning process), high achievement, and sense of belonging. However, students with disabilities are prone to show a lack of engagement with school due to the specific difficulties they have to handle. In fact, children with disabilities are likely to show poor participation in school when compared with children without disabilities. This poor involvement is related to their low autonomy to participate in the school activities, which, in turn, results in low school engagement. Parents play a crucial role in their children's education. Parental involvement in school activities promotes autonomous behaviors and, consequently, school engagement. In fact, extant literature has shown close relationships between parental involvement, school engagement, and academic performance. Yet, parental involvement in school activities of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) has received little direct attention from researchers. These children tend to display lower participation due to the motor, or cognitive, impairments that compromise their autonomy, and have a high likelihood to develop learning disabilities, with special incidences in reading and arithmetic. Therefore, our aim is twofold, to understand the parental styles; and how the perceived parental involvement in school activities is related to their children school engagement. Hence, 19 interviews were conducted with one of the parents of 19 children with CP. These interviews explored the school routines of children and the perceived involvement of parents in those routines. Additionally, children filled out a questionnaire on school engagement. Results show that the majority of the parents were clustered in the Autonomy Allowance and Acceptance and Support parental style, and the majority of their children were perceived as autonomous. Moreover, about a half of the children reported a high level of school engagement. Finally, neither children's autonomous behaviors reported by parents, nor parental style, seem to be related with the children's level of school engagement. Rehabilitation centers and schools could consider training parents/caregivers focusing on their educational needs, promotion of reflections on the usefulness of applying autonomy promotion strategies with their child, and foster their involvement.

647 casos de neoplasia maligna de mama do Instituto da Mama de Ubá / 647 cases of breast malignancy of Breast Institute of Ubá

Objetivo: Verificar o perfil da apresentação e o tratamento cirúrgico realizado em um serviço do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de série de casos, prospectivo, realizado com base em casos tratados pela mesma equipe no período de março de 2001 a dezembro de 2014, arquivando informações pré-definidas e com análise dos dados pelos programas R e SPSS PC. Resultados: Foram operadas no serviço 647 casos com idade média de 57±14,2 anos (variando de 24 a 92 anos), sendo as pacientes oriundas de 33 cidades diferentes, predominando Ubá (MG) (34%). O Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante foi o tipo histopatológico da maioria dos casos (64%). Predominou os estadiamentos iniciais, com 34% das pacientes no estádio clínico I e 31% no IIa. A abordagem cirúrgica foi conservadora na maioria dos casos (67%), oferecendo linfonodo sentinela em 160 casos e 143 cirurgias com técnica oncoplástica. No seguimento após tratamento, houve 17% de óbitos. Conclusão: Observou-se um predomínio de pacientes com tumores iniciais, o que possibilitou alta taxa de tratamento com conservação mamária e com expectativa futura de redução da mortalidade pela doença.

Objective: To verify the presentation profile and the surgical treatment in hospital in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Methods: Descriptive, prospective study of a series of cases which was performed based on cases treated by the same team in the Mastology outpatient in Instituto de Mama de Ubá, in the period of March 2001 and December 2014, filing pre-defined information and with analysis of the data of the programme R and SPSS PC. Results: A total of 647 cases, with a mean age of 57±14.2 years old (the ages varied from 24 to 92), underwent surgery. The patients came from 37 different cities, mostly from Ubá (MG) (34%). The infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the main histological type (64%). The initial stages prevailed, with 34% of the patients on the clinical stage I and 31% on stage II a. The surgical approach was breast-conserving therapy in 67% of the cases. The sentinel node biopsy was performed in 160 cases. Operations including oncoplastic technique were performed in 143 patients. There were 17% of death in the post-treatment follow-up. Conclusion: It was noted that there was a prevalence of patients with early stages tumor, this enabled high rates of treatment with breast preservation and with prospect of reducing the disease mortality rate in the future.

The effects of teachers' homework follow-up practices on students' EFL performance: a randomized-group design.

This study analyzed the effects of five types of homework follow-up practices (i.e., checking homework completion; answering questions about homework; checking homework orally; checking homework on the board; and collecting and grading homework) used in class by 26 teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) using a randomized-group design. Once a week, for 6 weeks, the EFL teachers used a particular type of homework follow-up practice they had previously been assigned to. At the end of the 6 weeks students completed an EFL exam as an outcome measure. The results showed that three types of homework follow-up practices (i.e., checking homework orally; checking homework on the board; and collecting and grading homework) had a positive impact on students' performance, thus highlighting the role of EFL teachers in the homework process. The effect of EFL teachers' homework follow-up practices on students' performance was affected by students' prior knowledge, but not by the number of homework follow-up sessions.

A perceção dos profissionais de saúde sobre infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde o papel do enfermeiro gestor / Healthcare professionals' perception of healthcare-associated infections: the role of the nurse manager

Objetivos: Este estudo pretende analisar a perceção dos profissionais de saúde a as suas práticas relativamente à higienização das mãos e sua influência nas IACS; Identificar as práticas dos profissionais de saúde relacionadas com a higienização das mãos e analisar em que medida as variáveis socioprofissionais influenciam essa prática. Metodologia: É um estudo de caso, definiu-se como observacional com corte transversal, utilizando uma metodologia quantitativa e com recurso à análise descritiva, sendo também retrospetivo. A colheita de dados efetuou-se através da aplicação de um questionário, baseado no "Questionário básico sobre a perceção de profissionais de saúde sobre infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde e à higienização das mãos", disponibilizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Um total de 47 profissionais de saúde do serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital Fernando da Fonseca respondeu ao questionário. O tratamento de dados efetuou-se através do SPSS (Statiscal Package for the Social Sciences), versão 21.0. Resultados: Denota-se que os profissionais de saúde percecionam as IACS como tendo impacto na evolução clínica do cliente e que a higienização das mãos será eficaz na prevenção das IACS. De uma forma geral, os profissionais percecionam que os gestores dão prioridade à higienização das mãos e possuem conhecimentos relativamente à técnica de higienização das mãos e aos momentos em que é necessário realizá-la. Verifica-se que os profissionais com mais anos de atividade profissional consideram necessário um maior esforço para realizar a higienização das mãos e os auxiliares empreendem um maior esforço para a realização desta técnica. Conclusões: Os profissionais de saúde detêm conhecimentos sobre IACS e higienização das mãos, porém, de acordo com a literatura existente, a adesão à higienização das mãos é baixa, tal leva a concluir que os profissionais desvalorizam a prática de higienização das mãos.

Objective: This work intends to analyze the healthcare professionals' perception and them practices relatively to hand hygiene and its influence on Health Care Associated Infections (HAI); identify the healthcare professionals practices related to hand hygiene and analyze to what extent the socio-economic variables influence this practices. Methodology: It is a case study, defined as an observational cross-sectional, using a quantitative methodology and use a descriptive analysis and is also retrospective. Data sampling was executed by applying a questionnaire, based on "Basic Questionnaire of the perception of healthcare professionals of associated infections to health care and hand hygiene " , made available by the World Health Organization. A total of 47 healthcare professionals that working in Orthopedics in a Fernando da Fonseca Hospital. Data processing made up of SPSS (Statiscal Package for Social Sciences), version 21.0. Results: Denotes that healthcare professionals' perception the HAI as having a big impact on the clinical evolution of the patient and that hand hygiene is effective in preventing HAI. In general, professionals' perception those managers give priority to hand hygiene. It appears that healthcare professionals have knowledge regarding the cleaning technique of hands and times when it is necessary to do it. It appears that professionals with more years of profession consider necessary a greater effort to perform hand hygiene and nurse assisting undertake greater efforts to hand hygiene. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals hold knowledge on HCAI and hand hygiene, however, according to the literature, adherence to hand hygiene is low and this leads to the conclusion that professionals devalue the practice of hand hygiene.

559 casos de neoplasia maligna de mama do Serviço da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e Instituto da Mama de Ubá / 559 cases of breast malignancy of the services of the Federal University of Viçosa and Breast Institute of Ubá

Objetivou realizar uma análise de resultado do tratamento nos serviços. É um estudo prospectivo realizado com base em casos tratados pela mesma equipe nos Ambulatórios de Mastologia do Instituto da Mama de Ubá e Universidade Federal de Viçosa registrados no período de março de 2001 a dezembro de 2012, arquivando informações pré-definidas e com análise dos dados pelos programas R e SPSS PC. Foram operados no serviço 559 casos, com idade média de 57,6 anos + 14,3 (variando de 24 a 92 anos), tendo 29 casos novos em 2012, oriundas de 36 cidades diferentes, predominando Ubá - MG (35%). Histórico familiar negativo em 86%. O carcinoma ductal infiltrante foi o tipo histológico em 64% dos casos. Os estadiamentos predominantes foram o estádio II (32 %) e estádio I (32 %). A abordagem cirúrgica foi conservadora na maioria dos casos (66 %), oferecendo linfonodo sentinela em 146 casos e 91 cirurgias de oncoplástica. No seguimento pós-tratamento, sobrevida livre em 5 anos de 82% e em 10 anos de 67%. Portanto, o estudo demonstra um perfil de mulher com idade média de 56 anos e diagnóstico em fase precoce, determinando prognóstico favorável e boas expectativas de cura. Os dados reforçam a importância do diagnóstico precoce para sobrevivência pós-tratamento.

[Active teaching-learning methodologies in health education: current debates]. / Metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na formação profissional em saúde: debates atuais.

The vertiginous transformations of the contemporary societies have been raising questions concerning aspects of professional education. Such questions have been raised in a more and more incisive way. This debate gains a new shape when applied to health work, where theory and practice cannot be dissociated, and where the development of an integral vision of the human being and the amplification of the concept care are essential for a proper performance. Based on these considerations, this article aims to discuss the main methodological transformations in the education process of health professionals, with emphasis to active teaching-learning methodologies.

Metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na formação profissional em saúde: debates atuais / Active teaching-learning methodologies in health education: current debates

As vertiginosas transformações das sociedades contemporâneas têm colocado em questão, de modo cada vez mais incisivo, os aspectos relativos à formação profissional. Este debate ganha contornos próprios no trabalho em saúde, na medida em que a indissociabilidade entre teoria e prática, o desenvolvimento de uma visão integral do homem e a ampliação da concepção de cuidado tornam-se prementes para o adequado desempenho laboral. Com base nestas considerações, o objetivo do presente artigo é discutir as principais transformações metodológicas no processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde, com ênfase na apreciação das metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem.

The vertiginous transformations of the contemporary societies have been raising questions concerning aspects of professional education. Such questions have been raised in a more and more incisive way. This debate gains a new shape when applied to health work, where theory and practice cannot be dissociated, and where the development of an integral vision of the human being and the amplification of the concept care are essential for a proper performance. Based on these considerations, this article aims to discuss the main methodological transformations in the education process of health professionals, with emphasis to active teaching-learning methodologies.